What is meant by ‘network segmentation’ in cybersecurity?

Network segmentation in cybersecurity refers to the practice of dividing a larger network into smaller, more manageable segments or subnets. This approach enhances both performance and security within the network.

When a network is segmented, traffic can be more effectively managed, reducing congestion and improving overall efficiency. Each segment can be configured with its own security policies and controls, which minimizes the risk of widespread breaches. In the event that one segment is compromised, the impact on the entire network can be contained, preventing attackers from easily moving laterally and accessing other parts of the network.

Additionally, this strategy allows organizations to better control and monitor traffic flow, thereby improving threat detection and response. Segmenting a network is a proactive way to bolster the organization's defense posture by limiting the attack surface and isolating sensitive data or critical systems.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately capture the essence of network segmentation. Creating multiple user accounts pertains to user access management, a different focus. A single firewall for the whole network does not provide the granular control and isolation that segmentation offers. Using different protocols for data transmission relates more to communication standards rather than the structural organization of the network itself.